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Manohar, Swathy
- Characterization of Historic Bricks and Binder at Vat Phou World Heritage Site in Lao PDR and Selection of Compatible Replacement Units for Restoration
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PDF Views:76
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, IN
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 119, No 8 (2020), Pagination: 1300-1307Abstract
This article presents results of material characterization studies conducted on historical clay bricks and binder sampled from the brick masonry gallery of the southern quadrangle of the World Heritage Site of Vat Phou in Champasak, Province of Lao PDR. The primary objective of the sampling was to conduct micro-analytical laboratory studies on the binder in the brick masonry to establish the nature of the binding mortar used and to verify the presence of lime in it, if any. In addition, micro-analytical and physicomechanical tests conducted on the historic brick samples were used to establish compatibility with the newly manufactured replacement bricks for use in the restoration of the dilapidated brick gallery. X-ray diffraction technique was used to study the mineral composition in the system, and scanning electron microscopy provided images indicative of the material and binder characteristics. The study revealed that lime was not present in the binding mortar and it could possibly be a natural wood resin. The use of natural resins as a binder in masonry has been a popular theory in Southeast Asia, and these results provide first empirical proof of their use. This study also demonstrates how compatibility checks can be carried out between historic and new replacement bricks through analysis of their pore structure and physical properties. In addition, the test results established that lime was not a component of the ancient binder, which together with the evidence of the resinbased binder provides an important direction for restoration efforts of historical sites in the Mekong River Basin region covering countries such as Lao PDR, Cambodia and Vietnam.Keywords
Binder, Heritage Conservation, Historic Bricks, Restoration Efforts.Full Text
- Use of poulticing in desalination of masonry units – implications on salt-deteriorated structures
Abstract Views :181 |
PDF Views:88
Authors
Affiliations
1 Civil Engineering Discipline, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382 355, IN
2 Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, IN
1 Civil Engineering Discipline, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382 355, IN
2 Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 121, No 10 (2021), Pagination: 1307-1315Abstract
Cellulose poulticing is a widespread method of desalination in practice for removal of salts from ancient structures. Optimization of the process is essential, considering that poulticing/desalination is the prime step during the protection of existing structures in the coastal zones. Even though poulticing is widely used in European countries, it is not common in India, because the principle and efficacy of the method have not been studied so far for masonry materials in the ancient Indian structures with specific microstructure. The present study analyses the effect of cellulose poulticing in bricks considering the role of pore size in the substrates and the removal of different types of salts depending upon the pore distribution. The process was found around 74% more efficient in removing Na2SO4 than NaCl in materials with more micropores (pore size <1 mm), as demonstrated from scanning electron microscopy images and analysis of pore structure using mercury intrusion porosimetry on brick samples. Interesting results on the unsuitability of cellulose poulticing in certain materials and the reasons for the same were obtained, which are based on the predominant transport mechanisms for salt removal. The study would be a reference for initiating cellulose poulticing as an effective desalination method in the ancient structures of coastal southern IndiaKeywords
Conservation, Desalination, Historic Structures, Protection, Salt Weathering.Full Text
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